Gradle 基本操作

2020-05-26 更新：2026-09-22

Gradle

安装

https://github.com/livk-cloud/spring-boot-extension

https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/build_environment.html#environment_variables_reference

官网下载后，解压即可使用，配置环境变量

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export GRADLE_HOME=/opt/gradle
export GRADLE_USER_HOME=~/download/gradle
export PATH=$PATH:$GRADLE_HOME/bin

windows也可以创建软链接

必须通过cmd窗口，且目标文件/文件夹不存在

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mklink /J D:\develop\gradle D:\develop\gradle-4.10.2

mklink /J D:\develop\gradle D:\develop\gradle-5.5

命令

grade init 创建项目


## 跳过测试
gradle build -x test

gradle init --dsl kotlin

Select type of project to generate:
  1: basic
  2: application
  3: library
  4: Gradle plugin
Enter selection (default: basic) [1..4]

// 依据构建名称排除

exclude module: 'oktokeep'

// 依据组织名称排除

exclude group: 'org.test'

// 依据组织名称+构件名称排除

exclude group: 'org.test', module: 'oktokeep'

全局配置文件

可以自己指定GRADLE_USER_HOME，默认为当前用户目录下面的.gradle目录

init.gradle 更换为国内镜像地址

allprojects{
    repositories {
        def ALIYUN_REPOSITORY_URL = 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public'
        def ALIYUN_JCENTER_URL = 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/jcenter'
        all { ArtifactRepository repo ->
            if(repo instanceof MavenArtifactRepository){
                def url = repo.url.toString()
                if (url.startsWith('https://repo1.maven.org/maven2')) {
                    project.logger.lifecycle "Repository ${repo.url} replaced by $ALIYUN_REPOSITORY_URL."
                    remove repo
                }
                if (url.startsWith('https://jcenter.bintray.com/')) {
                    project.logger.lifecycle "Repository ${repo.url} replaced by $ALIYUN_JCENTER_URL."
                    remove repo
                }
            }
        }
        maven {
            url ALIYUN_REPOSITORY_URL
            url ALIYUN_JCENTER_URL
        }
    }
}

init.gradle.kts 最新 2026-09-22

/**
 * settingsEvaluated 在 settings.gradle(.kts) 执行之后触发。
 * 项目里若已声明 pluginManagement { gradlePluginPortal() }，镜像会被追加到官方源之后，
 * 仍会优先直连 plugins.gradle.org。必须先 clear() 再按镜像优先顺序重新配置。
 */
settingsEvaluated {
    pluginManagement {
        repositories {
            clear()
            maven("https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/gradle-plugin")
            // 华为云 Maven 聚合仓
            maven("https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/maven")
            mavenCentral()
            gradlePluginPortal()
        }
    }

    dependencyResolutionManagement {
        repositories {
            clear()
            maven("https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/maven")
            maven("https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public")
            mavenLocal()
            mavenCentral()
            google()
            maven {
                name = "Central Portal Snapshots"
                url = uri("https://central.sonatype.com/repository/maven-snapshots/")
                mavenContent {
                    snapshotsOnly()
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

gradle.properties 优化配置

#开启线程守护，第一次编译时开线程，之后就不会再开了
org.gradle.daemon=true
#配置编译时的虚拟机大小
org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
#开启并行编译，相当于多条线程再走
org.gradle.parallel=true
#启用新的孵化模式
org.gradle.configureondemand=true

IDEA、Android studio 有时会下载 src 包

1 2	GRADLE_USER_HOME D:\download\gradle\caches\modules-2\files-2.1\gradle\gradle\8.14.5

BOM

https://medium.com/agorapulse-stories/how-to-manage-versions-using-maven-bom-gradle-and-github-b3fd94301655

https://tomgregory.com/gradle-implementation-vs-compile-dependencies/

Gradle 的 platform 只会为 implementation、api、compileOnly、testImplementation 等依赖自动分配版本，不会自动为 annotationProcessor 赋值，所以必须手动加上版本号。

dependencies {
    // platform
    // Load bill of materials (BOM) for Spring Boot.
    // The dependencies in the BOM will be
    // dependency constraints in our build.
    implementation(platform("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-dependencies:2.1.4.RELEASE"))
 
    // Use dependency defined in BOM.
    // Version is not needed, because the version
    // defined in the BOM is a dependency constraint
    // that is used.
    implementation("commons-codec:commons-codec")
 
    // Override version for dependency in the BOM.
    // Version in BOM is 1.23.
    implementation(group = "org.yaml",
                   name = "snakeyaml",
                   version = "1.24")
}

dependencies {
    // enforcedPlatform
    // Load bill of materials (BOM) for Spring Boot.
    // The dependencies in the BOM will be
    // dependency constraints in our build, but
    // the versions in the BOM are forced for
    // used dependencies.
    implementation(enforcedPlatform("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-dependencies:2.1.4.RELEASE"))
 
    // Use dependency defined in BOM.
    // Version is not needed, because the version
    // defined in the BOM is a dependency constraint
    // that is used.
    implementation("commons-codec:commons-codec")
 
    // Version in BOM is 1.23 and because
    // we use enforcedPlatform the version
    // will be 1.23 once the dependency is resolved,
    // even though we define a newer version explicitly.
    implementation(group = "org.yaml",
                   name = "snakeyaml",
                   version = "1.24")
}

docker 多模块

1	gradle clean build -x test :子模块名称:docker --info -Pdocker.repo=test -Pdocker.tag=1.0

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